Cryptography

Cryptography involves securing data by transforming it into a format that cannot be understood without proper authorization.

• Symmetric Encryption: The same key is used for both encryption and decryption (e.g., AES).
• Asymmetric Encryption: Uses a public and private key pair for secure communication (e.g., RSA, Diffie-Hellman).
• Hash Functions: Produce a fixed-size output from input data to ensure data integrity (e.g., SHA-256).

These cryptographic techniques are essential for ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and secure data transmission.